CrPC to BNSS Section Converter

सीआरपीसी से बीएनएसएस धारा परिवर्तक

Since July 1, 2024, the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 1973 has been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023. Use this converter to find the new BNSS section number for any old CrPC section. Each entry includes a detailed comparison of provisions and key changes.

IPC to BNS Evidence Act to BSA

Investigation & FIR

अन्वेषण एवं प्रथम सूचना रिपोर्ट

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
154 Information in Cognizable Cases (FIR) 173 Yes Compare
155 Information as to Non-Cognizable Cases 174 No Compare
156 Police Officer's Power to Investigate 175 No Compare
157 Procedure for Investigation 176 No Compare
160 Police Officer's Power to Require Attendance 179 No Compare
161 Examination of Witnesses by Police 180 Yes Compare
162 Statements to Police Not to Be Signed 181 No Compare
164 Recording of Confessions and Statements 183 Yes Compare
165 Search by Police Officer 185 Yes Compare
167 Procedure When Investigation Cannot Be Completed in 24 Hours 187 Yes Compare
169 Release of Accused When Evidence is Deficient 189 No Compare
170 Cases to Be Sent to Magistrate 190 No Compare
172 Diary of Proceedings in Investigation 192 No Compare
173 Police Report on Completion of Investigation (Chargesheet) 193 Yes Compare
174 Police to Enquire and Report on Suicide etc. 194 No Compare
175 Power to Summon Persons to Produce Document 195 No Compare
176 Inquiry by Magistrate into Cause of Death 196 Yes Compare
177 Ordinary Place of Inquiry and Trial 197 No Compare
178 Place of Inquiry or Trial When Act is an Offence by Reason of Relation to Other Offence 198 No Compare

Arrest & Police Powers

गिरफ्तारी एवं पुलिस शक्तियाँ

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
41 When Police May Arrest Without Warrant 35 Yes Compare
41A Notice of Appearance Before Police Officer 35(3) No Compare
42 Arrest on Refusal to Give Name and Address 39 No Compare
43 Arrest by Private Person 40 No Compare
44 Arrest by Magistrate 41 No Compare
45 Protection of Members of Armed Forces from Arrest 42 No Compare
46 How Arrest is Made 43 No Compare
49 No Unnecessary Restraint 46 No Compare
50 Person Arrested to Be Informed of Grounds 47 Yes Compare
50A Obligation to Inform Family of Arrest 48 No Compare
51 Search of Arrested Person 49 No Compare
54 Examination of Arrested Person by Medical Practitioner 53 Yes Compare
54A Identification of Person Arrested 54 No Compare
55 Procedure When Police Officer Deputes Subordinate 55 No Compare
57 Person Arrested Not to Be Detained More Than 24 Hours 58 No Compare
60 Arrest to Be Made in Accordance with Warrant 60 No Compare

Bail & Bonds

जमानत एवं बंधपत्र

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
436 Bail in Bailable Offences 478 No Compare
436A Maximum Period for Which Undertrial Prisoner Can Be Detained 479 Yes Compare
437 Bail in Non-Bailable Offences 480 No Compare
438 Direction for Grant of Bail (Anticipatory Bail) 482 No Compare
439 Special Powers of High Court or Court of Session Regarding Bail 483 No Compare
440 Amount of Bond and Reduction 484 No Compare
441 Bond of Accused and Sureties 485 No Compare
443 Discharge from Custody 487 No Compare
446 Procedure When Bond is Forfeited 491 No Compare
447 Procedure in Case of Insolvency of Surety 492 No Compare

Cognizance & Complaint

संज्ञान एवं परिवाद

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
190 Cognizance of Offences by Magistrate 210 No Compare
192 Making Over of Cases to Magistrate 212 No Compare
193 Cognizance of Offences by Courts of Session 213 No Compare
195 Prosecution for Contempt of Lawful Authority 215 No Compare
196 Prosecution for Offences Against the State 216 No Compare
197 Prosecution of Public Servants 218 No Compare
200 Examination of Complainant 223 No Compare
202 Postponement of Issue of Process 225 No Compare
204 Issue of Process 227 No Compare
207 Supply of Copies to Accused 230 Yes Compare
209 Commitment of Case to Court of Session 232 No Compare

Charge & Discharge

आरोप एवं उन्मोचन

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
211 Contents of Charge 234 No Compare
212 Particulars as to Time, Place and Person 235 No Compare
213 When Manner of Committing Offence Must Be Stated 236 No Compare
216 Court May Alter Charge 239 No Compare
218 Separate Charges for Distinct Offences 241 No Compare
221 Where It Is Doubtful What Offence Has Been Committed 244 No Compare
224 Withdrawal of Remaining Charges on Conviction 247 No Compare
227 Discharge (Sessions Trial) 250 No Compare
228 Framing of Charge (Sessions Trial) 251 No Compare
232 Acquittal 255 No Compare

Trial of Warrant Cases

वारंट मामलों का विचारण

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
238 Compliance with Section 207 261 No Compare
239 Discharge (Warrant Case on Police Report) 262 No Compare
240 Framing of Charge (Warrant Case) 263 No Compare
241 Conviction on Plea of Guilty 264 No Compare
242 Evidence for Prosecution 265 No Compare
244 Evidence for Prosecution (Complaint Case) 267 No Compare
245 When Accused Shall Be Discharged or Charge Framed 268 No Compare
248 Conviction or Acquittal (Warrant Case) 271 No Compare
249 Absence of Complainant 272 No Compare

Trial of Summons Cases

सम्मन मामलों का विचारण

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
251 Substance of Accusation to Be Stated 274 No Compare
252 Conviction on Plea of Guilty (Summons Case) 275 No Compare
254 Acquittal or Conviction (Summons Case) 277 No Compare
256 Non-Appearance or Death of Complainant 279 No Compare
258 Power to Stop Proceedings in Certain Cases 281 No Compare

Summary Trial & Plea Bargaining

संक्षिप्त विचारण एवं अभिवचन सौदेबाज़ी

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
260 Power to Try Summarily 283 No Compare
262 Procedure for Summary Trials 285 No Compare
265A Application for Plea Bargaining 289 No Compare
265B Guidelines for Plea Bargaining 290 No Compare
265C Mutually Satisfactory Disposition 291 No Compare
265D Report of Mutually Satisfactory Disposition to Court 292 No Compare

General Trial Provisions

विचारण के सामान्य प्रावधान

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
273 Evidence to Be Taken in Presence of Accused 308 Yes Compare
274 Record in Summons Cases and Inquiries 309 No Compare
293 Reports of Certain Government Scientific Experts 328 No Compare
294 No Formal Proof of Certain Documents 329 No Compare
300 Person Once Convicted or Acquitted Not to Be Tried Again 337 No Compare
302 Permission to Conduct Prosecution 339 No Compare
309 Power to Postpone or Adjourn Proceedings 346 Yes Compare
311 Power to Summon Material Witness 348 No Compare
313 Power to Examine the Accused 351 No Compare

Maintenance

भरण-पोषण

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
125 Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents 144 No Compare
126 Procedure for Maintenance Proceedings 145 No Compare
127 Alteration in Allowance 146 No Compare
128 Enforcement of Order of Maintenance 147 No Compare

Public Tranquility & Preventive Powers

लोक शांति एवं निवारक शक्तियाँ

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
129 Dispersal of Unlawful Assembly 148 No Compare
133 Conditional Order for Removal of Nuisance 152 No Compare
144 Power to Issue Order in Urgent Cases of Nuisance or Apprehended Danger 163 Yes Compare

Judgment & Sentence

निर्णय एवं दण्डादेश

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
250 Compensation for Accusation Without Reasonable Cause 273 No Compare
353 Judgment 392 Yes Compare
354 Language and Contents of Judgment 393 No Compare
357 Order to Pay Compensation 395 Yes Compare
357A Victim Compensation Scheme 396 No Compare

Appeals

अपील

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
372 No Appeal in Certain Cases 413 Yes Compare
374 Appeals from Convictions 415 No Compare
377 Appeal by State Government Against Sentence 418 No Compare
378 Appeal Against Acquittal 419 No Compare
389 Suspension of Sentence Pending Appeal 430 No Compare
391 Appellate Court May Take Further Evidence 432 No Compare

Revision

पुनरीक्षण

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
397 Calling for Records to Exercise Powers of Revision 438 No Compare
399 Sessions Judge's Power of Revision 440 No Compare
401 High Court's Power of Revision 442 No Compare

Execution of Sentences

दण्डादेशों का निष्पादन

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
413 Who May Issue Warrant 453 No Compare
421 Warrant for Levy of Fine 461 No Compare
426 Sentence on Escaped Convict When Recaptured 466 No Compare
427 Sentence on Offender Already Sentenced 467 No Compare
428 Period of Detention Undergone to Be Set Off Against Sentence 468 No Compare
432 Power to Suspend or Remit Sentences 473 No Compare
433 Power to Commute Sentence 474 No Compare

Disposal of Property

संपत्ति का निपटान

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
451 Order for Custody and Disposal of Property 497 No Compare
452 Order for Disposal of Property at Conclusion of Trial 498 No Compare
457 Procedure by Police Upon Seizure of Property 503 No Compare

Limitation

परिसीमा

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
468 Bar to Taking Cognizance After Lapse of Period of Limitation 514 No Compare
469 Commencement of Period of Limitation 515 No Compare
470 Exclusion of Time in Certain Cases 516 No Compare
473 Extension of Period of Limitation in Certain Cases 519 No Compare

Miscellaneous & Inherent Powers

विविध एवं अंतर्निहित शक्तियाँ

CrPC Section Title BNSS Section Changed? Details
340 Procedure in Cases Mentioned in Section 195 379 No Compare
345 Procedure in Certain Cases of Contempt 384 No Compare
406 Power of Supreme Court to Transfer Cases 446 No Compare
407 Power of High Court to Transfer Cases 447 No Compare
482 Saving of Inherent Powers of High Court 528 No Compare

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Key Changes from CrPC to BNSS — What Lawyers Need to Know

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 is not just a renumbering of CrPC sections. It introduces fundamental procedural reforms aimed at speeding up justice delivery, integrating technology, and modernizing investigation and trial processes. Here are the most important changes practitioners must know.

NEW Technology & Digital Integration

  • Zero FIR (Section 173): FIR can be filed at any police station regardless of jurisdiction — must be transferred within 15 days to the concerned station
  • E-FIR: Electronic registration of FIR is now permitted, allowing online complaints for certain offences
  • Mandatory Videography (Section 176): Search and seizure proceedings must be recorded via audio-video electronic means
  • Audio-Visual Trials (Section 530): Courts can conduct trials, inquiries, and proceedings through electronic means including video conferencing
  • Electronic Summons: Summons and warrants can be served electronically via email, SMS, or other electronic means
  • Digital Evidence Collection: Provisions for forensic evidence including DNA, electronic device examination made mandatory for serious offences

CHANGED Investigation Procedure Reforms

  • Mandatory Forensic Investigation (Section 176(3)): For offences punishable with 7+ years imprisonment, a forensic expert must visit the crime scene and collect evidence — this was previously optional
  • 90-Day Charge Sheet Deadline (Section 193): Police must file the charge sheet within 90 days, promoting faster case disposal
  • Preliminary Inquiry (Section 173(3)): For offences punishable with 3-7 years, police may conduct a preliminary inquiry within 14 days before registering FIR
  • Witness Protection: Enhanced provisions for witness protection and examination through electronic means
  • Information to Informant: Police must inform the complainant of the progress of investigation within 90 days

IMPORTANT Bail & Arrest Provisions

  • Undertrial Release (Section 479): First-time offenders who have served one-third of maximum sentence must be released on bond — previously one-half under CrPC Section 436A
  • Handcuffing Restrictions (Section 43(3)): Handcuffing is prohibited except for habitual, repeat offenders, or those accused of serious offences like organized crime and terrorism
  • Bail Conditions: Electronic monitoring and presence through audio-visual means can now be conditions of bail
  • Police Custody Remand (Section 187): Police custody can now be authorized in parts within the initial 40/60-day period (not necessarily the first 15 days as under CrPC)

TIMELINE Speedy Justice Provisions

  • Judgment within 45 Days: Judgment must be pronounced within 45 days of completion of arguments (previously no strict timeline)
  • Charge Framing — 60 Days: Charges must be framed within 60 days of first hearing
  • Summary Trials Expanded (Section 283): Summary trial procedure extended to more offences for quicker disposal
  • Mercy Petition Timeline: Governor must decide mercy petitions within 30 days, and the President within 60 days
  • Adjournments Limited: Maximum of 2 adjournments can be granted to either party, with recorded reasons

About Section Renumbering

CrPC had 484 sections; BNSS has 531 sections. All section numbers have changed — for example, Section 154 (FIR) is now Section 173, Section 125 (Maintenance) is now Section 144, and Section 144 (Prohibitory Orders) is now Section 163. This complete renumbering makes a converter tool essential. The renumbering is not sequential — it follows a new organizational scheme that groups related provisions differently from CrPC. Always use this converter to verify the correct BNSS section for any CrPC citation.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 1973 was India's primary law governing criminal procedure. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 replaced it on 1 July 2024. BNSS introduces mandatory use of electronic/audio-visual means for trials, mandatory forensic investigation for offences carrying 7+ years punishment, provisions for zero FIR filing at any police station, and a 90-day time limit for filing charge sheets. Section numbers have been entirely reorganized.
CrPC Section 154 (Information in cognizable cases / FIR) corresponds to BNSS Section 173. The key addition in BNSS is the provision for "zero FIR" — an FIR can now be filed at any police station regardless of jurisdiction, and must be transferred to the concerned police station within 15 days. Electronic registration of FIR is also now permitted.
CrPC Section 438 (anticipatory bail) corresponds to BNSS Section 482. The core provision remains similar — a person apprehending arrest can apply for anticipatory bail. However, BNSS adds provisions for bail conditions including presence via electronic means. The High Court and Court of Session retain the power to grant anticipatory bail.
CrPC Section 125 (maintenance of wives, children and parents) corresponds to BNSS Section 144. The provision remains largely the same — a person having sufficient means who neglects or refuses to maintain wife, children, or parents can be ordered by a Magistrate to pay monthly maintenance. The maximum maintenance amount and enforcement mechanisms have been retained.
BNSS introduces several significant changes: mandatory forensic investigation for serious offences (7+ years punishment), mandatory videography of search and seizure proceedings, use of audio-visual means for court proceedings, 90-day deadline for charge sheet filing, zero FIR at any police station, electronic filing of complaints and charge sheets, and a new provision for mercy petitions with a 30-day time limit for governor decisions.
No, BNSS applies only to proceedings initiated on or after 1 July 2024. Cases and trials that were already underway under CrPC continue to be governed by CrPC provisions. However, procedural aspects like electronic communication and audio-visual means may be adopted in ongoing cases where the court deems it appropriate.
CrPC Section 144 (power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger) corresponds to BNSS Section 163. Note that BNSS Section 144 covers a different topic (maintenance of wives, children and parents, which was CrPC Section 125). This renumbering is important to understand — always use this converter to verify the correct mapping.

Disclaimer: The CrPC to BNSS section mapping provided on this page is for general informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 may have introduced changes beyond simple section renumbering. Always consult a qualified advocate or legal professional for advice on specific legal matters. Vakeel360 is not responsible for any consequences arising from the use of this information without proper legal consultation.